a b c U.S. Patent 3,584,667, Bernard F. Reiland, "Coupling arrangement and tools for same", filed 1967-03-21

a b c d e "Chart of Torx fasteners and tools". Wiha Tools USA. Archived from the original on 2015-12-26 . Retrieved 2012-01-14.

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Torx (pronounced / t ɔːr k s/) is a trademark for a type of screw drive characterized by a 6-point star-shaped pattern, developed in 1967 [1] by Camcar Textron. [a] A popular generic name for the drive is star, as in star screwdriver or star bits. The official generic name, standardized by the International Organization for Standardization as ISO 10664, is hexalobular internal. [2] This is sometimes abbreviated in databases and catalogs as 6lobe (starting with the numeral 6, not the capital letter G). Torx Plus, Torx Paralobe and Torx ttap are improved head profiles. [3] a b "TORX Drive System" (PDF). Textron Fastening Systems. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-01-02. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Torx screws are commonly found on automobiles, motorcycles, bicycle brake systems ( disc brakes), hard disk drives, computer systems and consumer electronics. Initially, they were sometimes used in applications requiring tamper resistance, since the drive systems and screwdrivers were not widely available; as drivers became more common, tamper-resistant variants, as described below, were developed. [4] Torx screws are also becoming increasingly popular in construction industries.

Pavlis, Egon (16 March 2010). "When a Phillips is not a Phillips Plus So Much More!". Instructables. By design, Torx head screws resist cam out better than Phillips head or slot head screws. [1] Whereas the tendency of Phillips drivers to cam out under excessive torque has been listed as a feature preventing damage to the screw-head or driver, [5] Torx heads were designed to prevent cam-out. The development of better torque-limiting automatic screwdrivers for use in factories allowed this change. Rather than rely on the tool to slip out of the screw head when a desired torque level is reached (which risks damage to the driver tip, screw head, or workpiece), torque-limiting driver designs achieve a desired torque consistently.

Wiha Torx Tools

A Torx successor, Torx Plus, was introduced around 1990 when the original Torx patent was expiring. The Torx Plus patent subsequently expired in 2011. [16] [17] The lobes are more square to allow for higher torque and to minimize wear. The name is shortened to IP (Internal Plus) with sizes ranging from 1IP to 100IP [18] (sometimes listed as IP1 to IP100 [19]) and EP (External Plus) with sizes ranging from 1EP to 42EP as well as smaller sizes ranging from H7EP to H2EP and includes five-lobed tamper-resistant variants. [18] The specifications for these licenses are held by Textron. Standard Torx drivers can be used to drive Torx Plus screws, but not to full torque because of the loose fit. Torx Plus drivers will not fit into standard Torx screws. For the Torx type of design, the angle is much closer to 90° than in the case of the hex head, and so for a given torque the potentially damaging radial force is much lower. This property allows the head of the fastener to be smaller for the same required torque, which can be an advantage in applications where space to accommodate the head is limited. Camcar eventually became part of Textron Fastening Systems in the 1990s. In 2006 Textron Fastening Systems was sold to Platinum Equities, LLC, of Beverly Hills, California. They renamed the company Acument Global Technologies, which as of 2010 includes Avdel, Camcar, Ring Screw, and others. In 2014, Acument was sold from Platinum Equity to Fontana Gruppo. TORX PLUS Long arm L-Keys". Wiha Tools USA. Archived from the original on 7 October 2015 . Retrieved 14 July 2016.